What is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a long-term anxiety disorder in which people struggle with obsessions, which are unwanted, recurring thoughts. To ease the stress, they engage in compulsions, or repetitive behaviors. This helps for a short time, but the obsessions return again and again.

As a result, those with OCD spend a lot of time on compulsive behaviors and experience a lot of distress that interferes with how they function in daily life. An OCD treatment center can provide appropriate treatment for OCD and related disorders, such as other anxiety disorders, skin picking disorder (dermatillomania), or hair pulling disorder (trichotillomania).

OCD generally starts during the teen or young adult years, and the severity of symptoms can increase and decrease throughout life. Symptoms are generally worse when individuals are stressed or dealing with life transitions. Approximately 1.2% of adults in the U.S. have OCD in any given year, with 50% of them having the most serious level of impairment to their daily life.

It’s important to note that OCD is different than perfectionism or a strong desire for cleanliness and organization. The difference is in how individuals feel about their thoughts and behaviors.

People with perfectionism or a desire for organization don’t want to stop their behaviors because it makes them feel happy and satisfied. Those with OCD want to stop their compulsive behavior but can’t. It feels outside their control, and their thoughts and activities are unwanted and intrusive.

OCD and Related Disorders

OCD and related disorders affect both children and adults, often causing significant emotional distress and disruption to daily life. These conditions go beyond typical habits or grooming behaviors, and they often require clinical treatment and long-term support. At Woburn Addiction Treatment Center, we work with patients to address the underlying causes of these disorders and help them build healthier coping strategies.

Hair Pulling Disorder (Trichotillomania)

Hair pulling disorder involves recurrent, irresistible urges to pull out hair from the scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, or other parts of the body. This behavior can result in visible hair loss and emotional distress. Children and adolescents are particularly vulnerable, and early intervention can help prevent long-term psychological impact. Treatment typically includes cognitive behavioral therapy and supportive care to reduce urges and improve self-regulation.

Skin Picking Disorder (Excoriation)

Skin picking disorder is characterized by repetitive picking at the skin, often leading to sores, scarring, or infections. Individuals may spend hours engaging in the behavior, often as a response to stress or anxiety. Effective treatment may involve therapy, stress management techniques, and addressing any co-occurring mental health concerns.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

Body dysmorphic disorder involves an obsessive focus on perceived flaws in physical appearance—flaws that are often minor or not visible to others. Patients may spend excessive time in front of mirrors, avoid social situations, or seek unnecessary cosmetic procedures. Treatment for BDD typically includes therapy and may also involve medication to manage associated anxiety or depression.

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What Are the Symptoms of OCD?

This disorder is defined by two types of OCD symptoms: obsessions and compulsions. These symptoms interfere with normal daily activities and may interfere with relationships, work, school, and other obligations.

OCD Obsessions

Obsessions are thoughts or mental images that are intrusive, repetitive, and unwanted. Individuals often know that these thoughts are irrational or illogical, but they cannot stop them.

Common examples of obsessions include:

  • Fear of germs, dirt, or other perceived contaminated substances
  • Fear of forgetting, misplacing, or losing something
  • Fear of causing harm to someone, including yourself or your children, because you aren’t careful enough or lose control of your behavior
  • Unwanted thoughts or mental images about sex or taboo subjects
  • Fear of making a mistake
  • Excessive concern with morality
  • Feelings of disgust or doubt
  • Excessive need for organization, symmetry, or neatness
  • Need for constant reassurance

Compulsions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Compulsions are activities that people with OCD feel like they have to perform to ease the anxiety or discomfort that comes from obsessions. They don’t want to do these actions and don’t enjoy them.

Compulsions may include:

  • Collecting or hoarding things that have no personal or financial value
  • Saying certain words while doing unrelated tasks
  • Constantly checking that you haven’t caused harm
  • Excessive hand washing, bathing, or cleaning
  • Repeatedly checking things like doors, locks, or switches
  • Rituals related to numbers, like doing tasks a certain amount of times, or preferring or avoiding specific numbers
  • Arranging things in a specific way
  • Constantly seeking reassurance

People can also avoid situations that trigger obsessions. They might not shake hands, for example, or not touch certain objects.

Complications of OCD and Co-Occurring Disorders

OCD can have significant impacts on people’s lives. For example, they spend a significant amount of time on these compulsive rituals, and they may develop health issues such as dermatitis from so much handwashing or cleaning.

People with OCD often struggle in relationships and have a hard time with work, school, social activities, and personal obligations. Unfortunately, their mental health challenges may also result in thoughts of, or attempts at, suicide.

There are also mental health conditions that are OCD related disorders or might co-occur with it. These include:

  • Anxiety disorders
  • Hair pulling disorder (trichotillomania)
  • Social anxiety disorder
  • Panic disorder or panic attacks
  • Mood disorders
  • Eating disorders
  • Skin picking disorder (dermatillomania)
  • Body dysmorphic disorder

These related conditions can also be extremely disruptive, and it’s important to get effective care for both OCD and related disorders, including co-occurring conditions.

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How is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Diagnosed?

Diagnosis is done by a medical or mental health professional using criteria from the DSM-5 TR. The DSM-5 was released in 2013, with a revision (TR) done in 2022. In the DSM-5, obsessive-compulsive disorder is classified in its own category instead of being considered an anxiety disorder.

A doctor will do a medical exam, and then they or a mental health professional will do questionnaires and interviews to understand the client’s symptoms.

The diagnostic criteria include having unwanted obsessive thoughts and doing compulsive actions to relieve the obsession. They also look at how long the OCD activities take and whether they cause significant distress or impairment.

It’s also important for diagnosis that the symptoms aren’t better explained by a medical condition, another mental health condition, or substance use.

Evidence-Based Treatment for OCD

OCD treatment generally includes psychotherapy and medication. Sometimes other therapies are helpful, especially if the first line of treatment isn’t as effective as hoped for. At Elevate Recovery Center, our professional team can help you understand your options and create an effective treatment plan for your needs.

We provide outpatient treatment at Elevate. We have a partial-hospitalization program (PHP), also called a day program, and an intensive outpatient program (IOP), which is a partial-day program.

We can treat OCD, anxiety disorders, social anxiety disorder, panic attacks, and any other co-occurring disorders, including substance use disorder.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure Therapy, and Other Therapies

Psychotherapy, which is often called “talk therapy”, can be very effective for OCD treatment. There are a number of evidence-based approaches that therapists can use in group or individual therapy. Psychotherapy is part of a personalized treatment plan tailored to your unique needs, so you get the support you need.

Some common approaches include:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is one of the most well-known talk therapy approaches. It allows you to identify unhelpful thoughts and challenge them, and then replace them with something more productive.
  • Exposure and Response Prevention Therapy (ERP): ERP is a type of CBT that can be especially helpful for obsessive-compulsive disorder. ERP is a type of exposure therapy. It allows you to spend time in a safe environment and be gradually exposed to situations that trigger obsessions while not engaging in compulsions. This can cause anxiety, but experienced professionals work closely with you to ensure you have support through the process.

Mindfulness and meditation can also help you manage stress and reduce symptoms.

At Elevate, we’re proud to be a top adolescent treatment center in Massachusetts. Children and youth who are in treatment may need additional support and involvement from adults and loved ones in their lives. Depending on their age, they may need specialized treatment and other resources to manage their symptoms effectively.

Clinical Services and Medication for Effective Care

There are several medications that are approved for treating OCD. Antidepressants are often the first medication tried. Many medications are approved for both adults and children, depending on their age.

Medications such as Prozac, Luvox, Zoloft, and Anafranil are used for adults and children, generally youth ages 6 to 10 and older. Paxil is a potential medication for adults only. The goal is for medication to supplement mental health treatment to help you manage stress and reduce symptoms.

Our team at Elevate Recovery Center can talk to you about what medications fit your needs. We ensure patients are aware of the effective dose and any potential side effects. It may take multiple tries to find the drug that can give you the support you need, but what’s most important is that you get effective OCD treatment.

Get Compassionate Care for OCD at Elevate Recovery Center

OCD and related disorders can be deeply distressing, but a better life is possible. If you’re struggling with repetitive behaviors and want to find relief, our OCD treatment center can help. Our therapists help you learn new skills and provide the support services you need to improve your symptoms and reclaim your life.

If you’re ready to live a life that reflects your true values instead of unwanted obsessions, contact our team today.